Research and theory on employee job satisfaction and well. First, we describe the use of discrepancy theory in other disciplines relevant to is research. Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationship with co workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations fine undesirable including unionization attempts, substance abuse, stealing at work, undue socializing and. Chapter2 an overview of employee job satisfaction introduction. Another name of discrepancy theory is affect theory which is developed by edwin a. Pay satisfaction, job satisfaction and turnover intent.
The last theory used to explain job satisfaction was proposed by landy. Mitchell and lassen, 1987, there is a general consensus that job satisfaction is more deliberately researched topic. Many theorists have tried to come up with an explanation for why people feel the way they do in regards to their job. E workers dont see their jobs as offering what they want. This discrepancy can lead to anxiety or depression when considering ones work higgins, 1987.
The literature on police officers job satisfaction to date has focused primarily on individual officers demographic characteristics, while a few recent studies have demonstrated that officers job task characteristics are a principal source of job satisfaction. On a combined theory of pay level satisfaction yao 2018. Motivating factors like pay and benefits, recognition and achievement need to be met in order for an employee to be satisfied with. Further, the theory states that how much one values a given facet of work e. Job satisfaction is difference between how much of something there should be and how much. Lyman porter and edward lawler came up with a comprehensive theory of motivation, combining the various aspects that we have so far been discussing and using two additional variables in their model. In this chapter, we present the versatility of discrepancy theory in the explanation and prediction of satisfaction in is research models and show how to avoid many of the analytical pitfalls. Assessment of employees by job satisfaction survey dates back to 1930s and since then has evolved with new theories.
Two job satisfaction surveys tested the hypothesis that discrepancy models provide stronger predictions of satisfaction than do more parsimonious models relying solely on a single component of discrepancy scores. The regression results show that while pay satisfaction affects turnover intent, job satisfaction may be a more crucial variable in terms. Job satisfaction of university graduates ideasrepec. Influence of leadership and work environment to job. Concept that when people become aware of a deficiency in their competence they are motivated to learn, and the anxiety caused by the discrepancy between what they know and what they need to know drives them to make the required effort change of behavior. The effects of job mismatch on pay, job satisfaction, and. The equity theory explains the causes of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction adams, 1963. Lockes range of affect theory 1976 is arguably the most famous job satisfaction model. Though built in large part on vrooms expectancy model. It is generally perceived to be directly linked to productitivty as well as to personal wellbeing. A miniature difference sets out job satisfaction as being high and a huge difference would mean the employee is less satisfied with the job. Locke in 1976 and is considered the most famous job satisfaction model.
His theory is known as the opponent process theory. A metaanalysis of the antecedents and consequences of pay. Williams college of business, xavier university, 3800 victory parkway, cincinnati, oh 45201. C supervisors and employees differ radically in their values. Lockes 1969 opinion stated as discrepancy theory, suggests that job satisfaction grows out of the feeling that what things the individual think as important for himself, not meeting the need of the individual. The influence of leadership on job satisfaction and its. The first research work in the field of consumers satisfaction and the later studies in the field of service perceived quality jiang, klein and crampton, 2000. The steadystate theory each worker has a typical orcharacteristic level of job satisfaction,called the steady state or equilibriumlevel. As well as the job in general scale jig minnesota satisfaction. According to the abraham maslows theory of job satisfaction employees needs have a hierarchal nature. Within the literature, one of the first definitions of job satisfaction were described by hoppock, 1935, when he defined the construct as being any number of psychological, physiological, and environmental circumstances which leads a person to express satisfaction with their job. The implication of mcgreger theory in the context of job satisfaction is that when there are opportunities in the job to satisfy the needs of workers at different levels, they will become satisfied.
Discrepancy theory suggests that job dissatisfaction. Models of job satisfaction affect theory organizational. The theory suggests that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what an employee is getting from the job. Jun 12, 20 the steadystate theory each worker has a typical orcharacteristic level of job satisfaction,called the steady state or equilibriumlevel. Determinants of job satisfaction among teachers in vietnam. First, although job satisfaction is an attitude held about ones job or the aspects of ones job when referring to facet satisfactions, very few of the major theoretical positions are informed by basic attitude theory but see work by schleicher et al. Moreover, findings about satisfaction level of employees and recommendations for the institution are presented in the report. It was suggested by locke 1969 that job satisfaction was a positive or pleasurable reaction. An overview of employee job satisfaction introduction human resource is considered to be the most valuable asset in any organisation. Motivation and emotionbook2019job satisfaction wikiversity.
Locke 1969 explains that job satisfaction depends on the discrepancy between the person should be. Discrepancy theor y described the study of inevitable irregularities of distributions, in measuretheoretic and combinatorial settings. A study of michigan high school principals david a. This paper investigates the determinants of job satisfaction of university graduates in spain. Affect theory, dispositional approach, equity theory, discrepancy theory, twofactor theory and job characteristic theory are models on the basis of which job satisfaction survey is conducted. Discrepancy theory provides broad coverage in explaining satisfaction. Discrepancy theory focuses on a combination of personality. Herzbergs motivatorhygiene theory suggests that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not two opposite ends of the same continuum, but instead are two separate and, at times, even unrelated concepts. It is the sumtotal of inherent abilities, aptitudes of the employed persons who comprise executives, supervisors and the rank and file employees. Essentially, satisfaction is said to be derived from a comparative process that considers a prior formed impression about an.
Ekinci et al 2004 cites olivers updated definition on the disconfirmation theory, which states satisfaction is the guests fulfilment response. The concept of job satisfaction is multifaceted hence a number of theories are advanced to explain what it means and how the theories could be applied to enhance employee performance. Findings indicate that academics that produce more internationally accredited journals are relatively more job dissatisfied. Theories of job satisfaction theoretical framework job. An attitudesuch as patient satisfaction is based on two distinct pieces of information. Correlation, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis are used to test seminal theory that predicts relationships between job satisfaction and research productivity as a dimension of job performance. The concept of job satisfaction can be defined as the difference betw. Among the various probable determinants of a patients satisfaction with health care are hisher attitudes and perceptions prior to experiencing that care. Self discrepancy theory argues that people have low job satisfaction when there is a gap between the expectations placed on them at work and how they actually perform. Two theories of the causes of pay level satisfaction have guided research over the past 35 years. Common causes in this study include personality trait conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and core self. Discrepancy theory from porter where job satisfaction someone by calculating the difference between something that should be with the reality that is felt. A theory about job satisfaction is the discrepancy theory, and was first pioneered by porter in 1961.
He suggested that the primary reaction the immediate emotional response combined with the secondary reaction the later emotional response creates a stabilized equilibrium which results in job satisfaction. Their job satisfaction will be further enhanced if they are doing work that is utilizing their skills. The discrepancy theory refers to differential job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction among workers locke, 1969. Using discrepancies to predict the perceived quality of. We base our analysis on lockes discrepancy theory locke 1969 and decompose subjective evaluation of job characteristics into surplus and deficit levels. The main premise of this theory is that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what one has in a job. Job satisfaction is the outcome that up to what amount an employees work is considered as important and meaningful. It indicates the extent of employees positive or negative feelings towards their jobs and organizational behavior tried to improve it. Job satisfaction in law enforcement is important because it promotes continuity of a professional and cohesive police force that works well together, follows proper policy and procedures, and provides the services needed to the public. Job satisfaction of university graduates 31 graphic 1. Oct 10, 2008 a sample of 183 members of the school social work association of america sswaa completed a survey including. Specifically, measures of belief strength b about attributes and measures of evaluation e of those attributes are mul toward a theory of patient satisfaction tipled and the products summed. The concept of job satisfaction is multifaceted hence a number of theories are advanced to explain what it means and how the theories could be applied to. The satisfaction turnover relationship also is affected by alternative job prospects.
Thomas wright 2009 has found that when employees have high levels of psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction, they perform better and. Two possible functional forms of the relationship between job satisfaction and discrepancy in perceived job characteristic and the ideal value of this job characteristic source. Several other main theories on job satisfaction attracting the attention of researchers include discrepancy theory of locke 1969, equity theory of adams 1965, and expectancy theory of vroom 1964. A discrepancy theory of the relationship between communication and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction therefore is a measurement of job and work expectations and not just an overall holistic attitudinal manifestation. Personality traits and job satisfaction 4 proceedings of 2nd international conference on business management isbn. It is a judgement that a product or service feature, or the product or service itself. It has been accepted for inclusion in scripps senior theses by an authorized administrator of scholarship. The student and laboratory data, of course, may not be representative of the findings that would be expected with fulltime employed adults. I, hamed alsemeri, declare that the dba thesis entitled the factors affecting job satisfaction.
We also study the importance of overeducation and overskilling on job satisfaction. The definition of satisfaction proposed here is derived from fishbein and ajzens attitude theory and from job satisfaction research. With this newly developed theory, we expect that a both reported pay and pay discrepancy have main effects on pay level satisfaction. The effect of promotion and compensation toward working. Different theories have been improved about job satisfaction. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The value theory the steadystate theory the facet model focuses primarily on work situation factors by. Discrepancy theory models of satisfaction in is research. Job satisfaction ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Basically, mdt asserts that h and s are functions of perceived gaps between what one has and wants, relevant others have, the best one has. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of job mismatch on pay, job satisfaction, and performance of doctoral level researchers, based on the jobenvironment fit theory. Another wellknown job satisfaction theory is the dispositional theory. Locke s range of affect theory 1976 is arguably the most famous job satisfaction model. Discrepancy theory suggests that job dissatisfaction develops.
Western michigan university, 2002 given the magnitude of importance in the role of the school principal, it is important to understand some of the job satisfaction. The impact of information system personnel skill discrepancies on stakeholder satisfaction. A hotel employee shot four of his coworkers to death the detroit news, 1999. Job satisfaction, analytic hierarchy process, job satisfaction survey. Discrepancy theory describes job satisfaction in three aspects. Thomas wright 2009 has found that when employees have high levels of psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction, they perform better and are less likely to leave their jobs. Theories of job satisfaction explained with example. Job satisfaction is closely linked to that individuals behaviour in the work place davis et al. Job satisfaction ppt job satisfaction industrial and. Ppt job satisfaction powerpoint presentation free to. Locke developed the idea known as discrepancy theory.
Job satisfaction in organizational behavior job satisfaction is the feeling and perception of a worker regarding hisher work and how he or she feels well in an organization. Oct 05, 2015 the satisfaction turnover relationship also is affected by alternative job prospects. The facet model maslows theory herzbergs motivatorhygiene theory the discrepancy model. Equity theory from adam that people will feel satisfied or dissatisfied, depending on the presence or absence. Once job satisfaction has been achieved, usually the way employees view their job will change, they will view their job in a positive way. Theories that are related to job satisfaction according to k. Job satisfaction is a workers sense of achievement and sucess on the job. These long work hours may be indicative of a strong commitment by clergy to their congregations and community. Theories of job satisfaction job satisfaction motivation.
Toward a theory of patient satisfaction sciencedirect. Different situational factors or eventsat work may move a workertemporarily from this steady state, butthe worker will eventually return tohis or her equilibrium level. Pdf discrepancy theory models of satisfaction in is research. While luthen 1998 suggested important parameters related to job satisfaction. The importance of job satisfaction management essay. Porter measure job satisfaction a person by calculating the difference between what should have been the perceived reality. He also found that job satisfaction is an indicator of employees motivation to come to work and it changes with age and employment cycle. Job satisfaction in law enforcement officers according to. It is a very general theory that suggests that people have innate dispositions that cause them to have tendencies toward a certain level of satisfaction, regardless of ones job.
904 1134 589 195 460 1120 428 1504 848 1056 1 434 1579 1210 1199 1372 1279 313 984 1356 668 826 619 309 1046 882 479 1426 467